Little could be detected in the way of gap closing for much of that period, but some trend towards reduction in disparities has become discernible since the West Development Strategy initiated.
Improving rates of appropriate medication use in minority patients should result in a reduction in disparities in measures like lost work or school days, emergency room (ER) visit rates, hospital admission rates, or deaths [ 40].
11 64 Massachusetts health reform was associated with a significant increase in utilization of knee and hip replacement and a reduction in disparities related to race and ethnicity, suggesting improved access for minorities.
The effective recruitment and retention of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander workers into the health workforce must be the focus of efforts to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and contribute to a real reduction in disparities.
Studies in which equal treatment is meticulously provided to patients, irrespective of race, ethnicity, and socio-demographic backgrounds, have shown a significant reduction in disparities in treatment outcome for patients with breast and colorectal cancer,[ 13- 15] indicating the potential to decrease cancer health disparities.
In 2006, The Commonwealth Fund Health Care Quality Survey demonstrated an association between having access to a regular source of medical care with components of a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) and a reduction in disparities in self-reported access to care, receipt of patient-directed preventative care reminders, and lipid screening (19).
Overall, there was no reduction in disparities by income in up-to-date CRC screening nor did the rate of increase in up-to-date CRC screening or FOBT use change after the introduction of the organized provincial CRC screening program.
The reduction in life disparity resulted from reductions in early-life disparity, that is, disparity caused by premature deaths; late-life disparity levels remained roughly constant.
How then should we measure increases in the knowledge base on the biology of female animals and cells, increases in reproducibility of scientific results, and reductions in disparities in health outcomes between men and women?
Continued collection of data will be used to assess the effect of vaccination in this population and monitor serotype replacement, antimicrobial drug resistance, and reductions in disparities in Northern populations.
