In one small series, opioid rotation of morphine to methadone resulted in a reduction in constipation.
Use of PregVit® was associated with a 30% reduction in constipation rate as compared to Materna®.
Two meta-analyses [ 13, 14] and a systematic review [ 15] also indicated a significant reduction in constipation for fentanyl patch compared with oral morphine.
Bowel management protocols (BMPs) have been developed for specific use with ICU patients, with initial evaluations demonstrating a reduction in constipation and diarrhoea [ 10- 15].
For instance, their major affects on gastrointestinal tract include improvement in digestibility, feed efficiency, protection of dietary proteins from rumen microbial degradation, maintaining the gut microflora balance, gastric or liver damage prevention, reduction in gastrointestinal spasms, diarrhea, constipation, bloat, acidosis, and controlling gut pathogens [ 8].
The most frequently reported adverse effects of crizotinib were mild visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, edema, reduction in glomerular filtration rate, and generally reversible but sometimes severe elevations in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.
In the studies included in this meta-analysis, the most frequently reported adverse effects were mild visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, edema, reduction in glomerular filtration rate, and generally reversible but sometimes severe elevations in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.
25 Reduction of constipation was not reported in one observational study on changing the route of morphine administration.
Clinical studies have shown that the GI motility disorder of slow transit constipation (STC) is characterized by a reduction in ICC number and an impairment of the ICC cellular network [ 3- 5].
Using the well-validated SF-36 questionnaire, several studies have shown that patients with chronic constipation note a reduction in quality of life across multiple domains, including both physical and psychological domains (Irvine et al 2002; Dennison et al 2005).
Reduction of methane production by oral antibiotic treatment leads to a reduction of constipation [64], [65].
