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Results were identical for serotype A and serotype D strains, and the reduction in capsule size of the pmt4 strains was complemented by the wild-type PMT4 allele.
The inactivation of cps2C was previously shown to result in a severe reduction in capsule size [ 28].
In addition, reduction in capsule production has been documented in K. pneumoniae on exposure to PDAs [ 169], which affects its virulence and survival inside the host.
It was also observed that PFD reduces AEs such as capsule contracture in mammary implants in an animal model, Gancedo et al. [ 68] observed a reduction in capsule thickness around submmamary tissue, along with a decrease in fibroblast-like cell proliferation, and recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells.
The treatment of the strains with 1 and 2.5 μg/ml of subfraction F2.4 lead to a significant reduction in capsule size (Figs. 1E and 1J) and decrease of cell size when compared with the control cells (Figs. 1E and 1J).
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This differential reduction in seed capsule production amongst genotypes correlated negatively with larval mass.
Internalization by 4T1 cells led to the reduction in the capsule size from 4.0 ± 0.5 μm to 2.1 ± 0.5 μm and from 4.0 ± 0.3 μm to 2.4 ± 0.4 μm of the spherical and discoidal capsules, respectively.
This reduction in internal capsule volume increased with time to reach a 40% difference between Ppt1 deficient mice and age-matched controls at 7 months of age (Fig. 1C).
A similar magnitude of reduction in internal capsule volume was noted for late-symptomatic Cln6 nclf mice (∼30% difference; Fig. 6C) as was evident in Ppt1 deficient mice (Fig. 1C).
To evaluate the reduction in the anterior capsule opening after phacoemulsification, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and implantation of 1 of 2 acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs).
We observed a modest reduction in the average capsule size between these two cryptococcal strains.
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