Potassium carbonate in mixed toluene/ethanol solvent systems provided the ideal balance of basicity and reaction rate, and enabled the formation of six- and seven-membered rings with no direct reduction (entries 13 15).
Table 3 Comparison of the catalytic activities of green-synthesized AuNPs in the 4-NP reduction reaction Entry Reducing agent used for synthesis of AuNPs Particle size (nm) Shape Rate constant (s-1) 4-NP (mM) a NaBH4 (mM) a Au atoms (mM) a,b Refs 1 Caffeic acid (cf-CA-AuNPs) 38.61 ± 6.21 Spherical 5.73 × 10-3 0.1 10 (100 equiv).
CCR5 down-regulation resulted in reduction in entry of HIV-1 into activated mouse T cells.
In 2001-02, the number of snowmobiles allowed will be limited to the current daily averages; for the next winter, 2002-3, a 50percentt reduction in entries at Yellowstone's south and west entrances, the major access roads, is planned.
The major focus of the State Program has been on prevention family separation, reduction of entries and acceleration of exits from residential institutions, downsizing and/or transforming and/or closing down residential institutions and provision of alternative care for at risk children and families.
All cell lines were highly and equally permissive for VSVGpp infection; however, Huh7-4, -7 and -8 cells showed a 50 60% reduction in HCVpp entry, while Huh7-6 cells were 90% less permissive as compared to Huh7-1 cells (Figure 6A); suggesting HCV entry is significantly impaired in Huh7-6 cells.
Philosophical attention to molecular biology has contributed to debates about both of these senses of reduction (see the entry on reductionism in biology).
The project aims to design suitable strategies for the reduction of antibiotics entry into urban waste water and to create an early warning and monitoring system.
A reduction in calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal in the kinetic model accounted for the frequency-dependent effects of the mAChR activation.
A weak acid extraction indicates the presence of calcite and dolomite in the sandstone cores, and a correlation is observed between carbonate content per unit porosity and a reduction in PCE entry pressure.
