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Treatment is usually nonsurgical with closed reduction and immobilization.
Most distal radial fractures are uncomplicated and effectively treated with closed reduction and immobilization in a cast.
In both groups dislocation was treated with closed reduction (except one case that required open reduction) and immobilization by means of orthopedic brace for 1 month.
This study was designed to investigate biotite dissolution under simulated high level waste (HLW) conditions and its impact on Cr VI) reduction and immobilization.
The nZVI particles not only contributes to the reduction and immobilization of Cr VI), but also accelerates the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of RhB due to a lower recombination rate of photoexcited holes and electrons.
We report on bio-catalyzed reduction and immobilization of U VI) species (0.25 mg/l to 235 mg/l) in ground water in the presence of high concentrations of nitrate, sulfate and carbonate.
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Different strategies of antibodies immobilization - oriented immobilization of specific antibodies fragments (frag-anti-gp51) on gold surface obtained after chemical reduction and random immobilization of intact antibodies (anti-gp51) on gold surface, were investigated.
In previous reports, two patients were treated by open reduction and cast immobilization [1, 2], two by open reduction and percutaneous pinning of the carpal bones and cast immobilization [3, 4], one by open reduction and suture of the anterior capsule and cast immobilization [5], and one by proximal row carpectomy (PRC) (Table 1).
Inclusion criteria were as follows: loss of reduction following closed reduction and cast immobilization, open fractures or anticipated fracture instability.
Several treatment methods are reported in the literature, ranging from closed reduction and cast immobilization to open reduction and ligamentous reconstruction, as summarized in Table 1.
The treatment options include conservative treatment, such as closed reduction and cast immobilization, and surgery, such as open reduction and internal fixation, intramedullary nailing, revision TKA using a longer stem, external fixation and arthrodesis with bone graft [3].
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