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Late last year at The Hague, negotiations on a worldwide treaty to reduce global warming collapsed in part because of disagreements over the role of natural ecosystems like forests in sopping up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and reducing warming.
Economic estimates that assign value to the long-term benefits that would come from reducing warming — things like fewer deaths from heat and less flooding — show that every dollar invested in quickly making low-carbon energy cheaper can do $16 worth of good.
But at breaks in the cloud deck, smoke has the opposite effect: It is brighter than the dark ocean surface, reflecting solar radiation and reducing warming.
They plan to investigate whether a giant balloon and a 20km long hosepipe can inject particles into the stratosphere to reflect some of the sun's energy so reducing warming of the Earth's surface.
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An economy free of measures to reduce warming effects will not give us much joy, decades from now, if New York and Boston are under water.
This is the deliberate attempt to reduce warming by the planetary-scale manipulation of weather patterns, oceans, currents, soils and atmosphere to decrease the amount of greenhouses gases.
Advocates hope that work to reduce emissions of potent, short-lived pollutants including methane, black carbon, and some refrigerants could reduce warming on the short term.
Once we begin to reduce warming emissions, adequate genetic material can be available to allow corals to repopulate future seas.
But I don't think it's dishonest to say that reducing emissions can be done in ways that offer economic benefits aside from the gain from reduced warming.
Green conservatively concludes that the benefits of such an investment from reduced warming and greater prosperity would bring about $11 worth of climate damage prevention for every $1 invested.
We have developed a modified three-cuff version of this technique that facilitates anastomosis and markedly reduces warm ischemia time.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com