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Mobile technology offering in vivo skills coaching may be a useful tool for reducing urges to use substances and engage in other maladaptive behavior by directly teaching and coaching in alternative, adaptive coping behavior.
The trial showed that these techniques were used and a larger trial could now be developed to examine the influence of the methods on reducing urges to smoke and increasing abstinence.
In both these studies, the effects of isometric exercise and body scan in reducing urges to smoke were similar in size to those observed when nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was used in similar paradigms.
Although participants reported that using these techniques were slightly helpful in reducing urges to smoke, there was no evidence that such interventions reduced intensity and frequency of urges to smoke or withdrawal symptoms, as measured by the MPSS.
The four-Ds are delay, deep breathing, drink water, and distract, but none of these methods have evidence to support or refute the assertion that they are effective at reducing urges or helping quitters to resist them[ 9].
Isometric exercise, which involves static muscle contractions (e.g. fist clenching), can be done at a workstation and has also been shown to be effective in reducing urges to smoke and withdrawal in smokers who abstained from smoking for about 15 hours[ 11].
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For those who are particularly susceptible to these effects, avoiding refined carbohydrates might reduce urges and potentially help control weight, said Dr. David Ludwig, the lead author of the study and the director of the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center at Boston Children's Hospital.
Results suggest that nicotine mouth spray reduces urges to smoke faster than nicotine lozenge.
One behavioural intervention that does reduce urges to smoke and nicotine withdrawal symptoms is exercise.
This technique is also practical in many situations and has been shown to reduce urges to smoke and withdrawal in smokers who abstained for around 15 hours[ 12].
Although NRT can reduce urges to smoke, it does not 'kick in' until about 10 15 minutes after the urges strike[ 23], whereas isometric exercises and body scan can be done immediately.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com