Contraceptive practices affect fertility by reducing the probability of conception.
It then calculates the benefit from extra growth by reducing the probability of crisis by 1%.
The model allows predicting hazards, reducing the probability of errors and accidents, and improving the methods of building control.
Dampers are used to suppress vibration in transmission lines, reducing the probability of failure due to fatigue.
Bait application rates are specifically determined for each rodent outbreak, reducing the probability of under- or over-baiting.
According to Malaysia Airlines, the pilot and co-pilot did not ask to fly together, reducing the probability of a co-ordinated plan between the pilots to hijack the aircraft.
But the E.P.A. advisory panel said the government testing, while reducing the probability that StarLink caused the reactions in those people, "does not eliminate StarLink Cry9C protein as a potential cause of allergic symptoms".
And any costs would be more than offset by the benefit of "materially reducing the probability and impact of financial crises," the report said.
In that sense the economic value of imposing higher capital requirements should be measured by its effect on reducing the probability or severity of another financial crisis.
Representative Bill Pascrell Jr., a New Jersey Democrat who is not on the committee, said that Republican resistance to new taxes was reducing the probability of a deal.
But other information, such as the fact that an adult ostrich usually weighs more than 200 pounds, could change this assumption, reducing the probability that an ostrich can fly to near zero.
