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Disasters promote population structure by reducing population size, which has two effects.
Increased fishing of alewife, as long as their use is monitored, may be beneficial in reducing population size.
Results show that on average TVHR performs moderately better than TNR at reducing population size, but TNR substantially outperforms TVHR in reducing multiple nuisance measures.
PAUL EHRLICH: Any substantial construction ordinarily forces populations to extinction directly by outright destruction of their habitat or by reducing population size or restricting access to critical areas required seasonally.
Depicting such events with PVA has the effect of increasing the model's MVP estimate, because both types of phenomena have the potential for reducing population size, either by increasing the death rate or increasing the annual variability with respect to the birth rate.
However, in species with extensive paternal investment such as African lions (Panthera leo), trophy hunting can increase the rate of male replacement (and associated infanticide) to the point of reducing population size unless offtakes are restricted to males old enough to have reared their first cohort of dependent offspring (≥5 6 yrs of age) [1] [3].
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Bycatch can have an impact on species by reducing population sizes, and an ecosystem-level impact through the significant removal of biomass and subsequent trophic changes.
Current state policies for NRM wolf management focus mainly on providing hunting opportunity, reducing population sizes, and maintaining populations large enough to avoid reclassification as endangered [3] [6].
Habitat loss affects plant species in many ways, for example by reducing population sizes, altering the density of reproductive individuals, reducing reproductive success, increasing isolation and reducing genetic diversity.
Management actions that maintain genetic diversity in native species while reducing population sizes and genetic diversity in invasive species could promote the ability of natives to evolve improved competitive ability.
The reduced survival of inbred individuals can further reduce population size and increase susceptibility to stochastic processes, such that mutual reinforcement among environmental, demographic and genetic stochasticity creates an 'extinction vortex' (Gilpin and Soulé 1986).
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