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Half of them are first, second or third generation immigrants, largely from North Africa, and 70percentt of those live in the projects, which are undergoing a $140 million renovation aimed not only at modernizing them but also at reducing population density.
Current management strategies (e.g., reducing population density or size) are based on ecological theory (e.g. Drake et al. 2005), but this evolutionary ecology model suggests that adaptive evolution can enable successful establishment and that ecological considerations alone may not be sufficient.
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Mass housing initiatives and individual "gentrification" of terraced houses tended equally to reduce population density.
Mass mortality severely reduced population density during winter.
Lowering of the proliferation rate towards the interval boundaries is required in order to reduce population density tails.
Thus, if fishing reduces population density, the effects of sexual selection may become small.
Secondly, endosymbionts reduce population density and thus relax intraspecific competition [ 15].
Early theory commonly considered a situation where events of high density-independent mortality, for example due to environmental seasonality, reduce population density (e.g. Pianka 1970; King and Anderson 1971; Roughgarden 1971).
If reduced population density benefits older individuals more than younger individuals, then increased extrinsic mortality might indeed improve the prospect of older individuals and thus lead to a slower decline in the strength of selection with age [ 16].
Similarly, sweet potato was found to significantly reduce population density and importance values of invasive alien species Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Eleusine indica, and Galinsoga parviflora and native species, Digitaria sanguinalis and Portulaca oleracea in China [ 34].
We found that edge effects can reduce population densities on spared land, and in highly-fragmented landscapes can – at modest levels of agricultural production combined with high edge penetration distances – cause the optimal strategy to switch from land sparing to land sharing.
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