Patients with kidney failure are at high risk for 25-OHD deficiency, most likely due to reduced exposure to sunlight resulting from inactivity and hyperpigmentation and, to some extent, reduced ingestion of foods that are natural sources of vitamin D [ 11].
In the marine copepod Centropages typicus, a 24-h exposure to concentrations ≥7 × 106 items/L of fluorescent PS microspheres (7.3 µm) led to significantly reduced ingestion of algae [146].
One popular current theory is that the switch to lead-free petrol has reduced ingestion of a substance, which in substantial doses over a long period has known links to aggression.
Both the farm-specific and regional costs of clean feeding as a countermeasure to reduce ingestion of contaminated grass when there is insufficient supply of other types of roughage were estimated for dairy farming in Finland in the first year after contamination.
First, through the formation of colonies, they may reduce ingestion and interfere with filtering activity in Daphnia (Lampert 1981 , 1982.
Scarcity in food and reduced ingestion ability, besides digestion will significantly affect population dynamics of any specie.
Preventive measures against fluorosis rely on the intake of low fluoride diet/water to reduce the ingestion of fluoride inside the body [ 1, 2].
Seizure phenotype can be measured in larval stages using an electroshock assay, and this behavior in bs mutants is dramatically reduced following ingestion of typical anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs; [ 13]).
The pattern of interactions suggests a distinct, albeit not perfect, grouping of OBPs into two categories: OBPs that increase the consumption of bitter tastants when their expression is compromised, and OBPs that reduce the ingestion of bitter compounds when their expression is suppressed.
While this is certainly an exceptional case, in which the amount of bioavailable nicotine was markedly reduced by vomiting, ingestion of tobacco or nicotine gums at doses up to 6 mg/kg nicotine was reported to evoke symptoms of intoxication without causing death (Malizia et al. 1983; Smolinske et al. 1988).
