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This trend may be explained by the increasing proportions of banana vegetation and decreasing proportions of forest near homesteads and hence the reducing divergence among all villages (Tables S1, S2, S3).
Systems such as Heliconius permit direct investigation of the genetic changes associated with speciation because species that are phenotypically well differentiated, and often sympatric, continue to hybridize, reducing divergence at neutral sites.
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Patterns of divergence between sibling species, extending the time scale of analysis, showed remarkable heterogeneity among functional regions of gambicin across all three species pairs, with over ten fold reduced divergence in coding as opposed to NC regions.
Because polymorphism in the coding regions was not exhausted as our data showed, purifying selection cannot explain the ten fold reduced divergence in coding as opposed to NC regions at gambicin.
Still, if reduced divergence at LR loci reflects selective sweeps, and if gene flow ceased at the same time for all loci, then we should obtain an estimate of the isolation time (t) that is similar to that for HR loci.
Moreover, genetic introgression between well established species within the complex further overshadows their phylogenetic relationships and reduces divergence time [ 78].
Importantly, the evidence for reduced divergence or ongoing recombination in the remaining chromosome arms in both species is small.
Reduced diversity, reduced divergence and more low-frequency variants are all expected if amino-acid sites are under stronger purifying selection than synonymous sites [ 27].
This difference in broodstock size partly explains the divergence from the founder population observed in the segregated line, and it is likely that simply increasing the broodstock size would have reduced divergence.
These observations suggest that lncRNAs that show homology and evidence of transcription across the greatest number lineages also show reduced diversity within mice and reduced divergence from rat at the sequence level, indicative of recent selection in mouse populations.
Only for one case (condition 4; reduced divergence between the ancestral populations and admixture at 320 generations) are the ABS metrics biased, with the mean falling outside the range of values observed for the reference example.
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