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As a result, the reduced compressive strain between two successive layers improves the spontaneous emission properties and optical gain with reduced wavelength shift of multiple quantum well (MQW) devices [37, 38, 39, 40].
The analytical results have shown that the proposed scheme not only provides a full protection capability for WDM-PON networks, but also has a lower unavailability, a lower construction cost, and a reduced wavelength requirement than existing representative protection schemes.
A reduced wavelength range (1,000 to 2,500 nm) did not provide superior results, as demonstrated by RMSEC, RMSECV, RMSEP, and R values associated with each of these statistics (data not shown).
The software of the VLRS uses a least-squares fitting algorithm applied over a reduced wavelength range where the wavelength dependence of the differential path length is approximately flat and the depth of penetration into the tissue is approximately constant.
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Furthermore, the high effective mode indices correspond to highly localized graphene plasmons on the graphene/NW interface with a significantly reduced plasmon wavelength compared with the photon wavelength in free space, allowing strong light matter interaction in infrared and terahertz frequency regime.
When we incubated the UV-exposed sample again with biotinylated thiol in ethanol, extinction intensity reduced, and wavelength of the sample's LSPR extinction peak returned to an even lower wavelength of 560 nm, because the streptavidin nearby the nanoholes were dragged away by excessive biotin in ethanol, and a new layer of biotin was anchored onto the sample.
Thus a significantly reduced emission wavelength (8.3 μm compared with 11.2 μm) is achieved whilst maintaining very similar laser performance.
Results also suggest that the visibility of the plasmonic resonance is reduced for wavelength values where light absorption by water is important.
In each case, the resultant reduced AP wavelength would increase the likelihood of re-entrant arrhythmias (King et al. 2013a).
To reduce the wavelength requirement, we study routing and wavelength assignment for realizing hypercube communications on WDM ring networks with additional links.
The photodiode is covered by a HOYA CM-500 filter, which reduces the wavelength response to 320 to 720 nm, in order to provide better agreement with the wavelength response of human night vision.
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