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However in this validation study only 57% of the score-positive patients underwent a secondary debulking which may have resulted in selection-bias and subsequently reduced validation.
These species do not have the complication of recent whole genome duplication that is a prominent feature of the salmonid genome, which resulted in the dramatically reduced validation rate of approximately 48% reported here.
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However, grouping several breeds (Holstein, Jersey and Brown Swiss) in the same training set could reduce validation correlations by 2%to3%3% [ 19].
On the other hand, higher precisions reduce the validation effort by reporting less false positives.
This will, therefore, reduce the validation and certification costs of ERTMS component implementation in different member states.
On the other hand, if there are time constraints, it can be more important to reduce manual validation effort.
Model selection continued until the addition/removal of further variables able to reduce cross validation MSE no longer increased AIC, thereby producing the best-fit model with the lowest prediction error [43].
Model selection continued until the addition/removal of further variables able to reduce cross validation MSE no longer increased AIC, thereby producing the best-fit model with the lowest prediction error [ 43].
169 Further research on interventions aiming to reduce stigma, validation of stigma measures, and examining the association between intervention effects and health outcomes such as access and adherence are vital for addressing the significant challenges in HIV treatment due to stigma and discrimination.
Furthermore, in salmonid fish the genome duplication event has been suggested to reduce SNP validation success ([ 37]; unpublished data, Hayes et al)., a result supported by this study, which may further hinder the development of a large number of independent loci.
For the majority of the validated markers, the direction of the SNP effects was the same in the discovery and Holstein validation data sets, although the magnitude of the estimated effects was generally reduced in the validation data set.
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