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Much of the flexibility in the escape response resides in kinematic events after stage 1, indicated by the increased variance and reduced repeatability of final escape angles in comparison to stage 1 angle (Figs 1, 2; Table 1).
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So long as neutral changes are much less likely than beneficial ones, repeatability is not greatly affected – under truncating selection, assuming that neutral mutations are 1% as likely as favored mutations (for instance when Nes = 50) reduces repeatability by around 5% either allowing (7.8% to 7.4%) or not allowing (7.1% to 6.7%) back mutations.
Moreover, environmental stresses that increase disease severity such as drought and high-temperature stress tend to reduce plant height, resulting in inconsistent relative lesion length across environments and reducing repeatability.
The experimental results indicated that the use of sleeve structure could enhance the relative sensitivity and reduce the repeatability error of the sensor.
These drawbacks reduce the repeatability and the accuracy of the FTBUT [ 11].
Random changes in the sensitivity direction reduce measurement repeatability, while systematic changes in the sensitivity direction reduce measurement accuracy.
Investigations that take advantage of automation often benefit from standardized protocols, improved inter-laboratory repeatability, reduced reliance on manual operations, higher throughput and statistical power, and increased productivity.
Previous attempts to use only antibody from a single species for both the capture and secondary antibody showed reduced binding and poor repeatability.
Under either truncating or EVT selection, repeatability is reduced by around 15 25% when double mutations are 1% as likely as single mutations, and by around 60 75% when double mutations are 5% as likely.
If neutral mutations have 5% the probability of favored ones (Nes = 10), repeatability reduces by around 20% (to 6.2% and 5.5% without/with back mutations).
These rates were then applied to NO2 field measurements carried out at a monitoring station in central London, and three of the modified PDT designs were found to deliver improved repeatability and consequently reduced measurement uncertainty over the conventional open tubes.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com