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First, we properly formulate initial ranging signals into finite snapshots such that automatic pairing property can be fully exploited during the procedure, which brings the improved performance as well as the reduced pairing complexity.
For example, when added at the time of mixing mating types, colchicine reduced pairing by about 90% at 2 hours, relative to control cells (data not shown).
When RPMs are absent (e.g., by ATP or dynein depletion), chromosomes exhibit reduced pairing in regions both proximal and distal to the pairing center regions (Labrador et al. 2013).
It has also been long noted that recombination is reduced in hybrids due to decreases in homology and reduced pairing of chromosomes during meiosis (Kreike and Stiekema 1997; Young and Tanksley 1989).
In addition, natural selection would favor rearranged karyotypes that reduce meiotic pairing between homeologous chromosomes because reduced pairing of homeologs would decrease the rate of aneuploid offspring, thereby improving fitness and thus tending to preserve these rearrangements during evolution (Comai 2005).
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Applying a technique called energy filtered electron diffraction (EFED), different medium-range orders (MROs) reflected from conspicuous and inconspicuous prepeaks, were observed, which, following reduced pair distribution functions obtained from the EFED measurement, correspond to different short-range orders (SROs).
Through increased frequency of miniature excitatory post synaptic currents (mEPSCs) and reduced paired pulse facilitation, both of which are caused by increased release probability, we found that Scrapper knockout [SCR-KO or SCR ] hippocampal neurons had increased levels of spontaneously released neurotransmitter.
For all ISIs, we found significantly higher ratios in the old animals indicating reduced paired-pulse suppression (PPS).
An increased excitability resulting from fewer DCX-containing inhibitory neurons could contribute to the reduced paired-pulse inhibition reported previously.
However, in middle-aged pro-aggregant mice we observed reduced paired pulse facilitation, frequency facilitation and disrupted LTD expression.
Alternatively, reduced paired pulse inhibition may be a further manifestation of impaired glutamatergic activation at inhibitory synapses or of reduced release of GABA from interneuronal populations.
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