Members of the Let-7 family are reduced in a wide range of cancers and target-known oncogenes, like c-myc, RAS and HMGA2, and are therefore considered as to function as tumour suppressor-like miRNAs (Menendez et al, 2013).
Global DNA methylation, that is, the degree of methyl attachment to cytosine residues of DNA sequences across the genome, is typically reduced in a wide range of tumours (a phenomenon termed as 'global hypomethylation'), including gastric cancer (Cravo et al, 1996; Hsiung et al, 2007; Moore et al, 2008; Guerrero-Preston et al, 2009).
Recent studies indicate that PEDF expression is significantly reduced in a wide range of tumor types and that its re-expression in these tumors delays the onset of primary tumors and decreases metastases [ 48].
Figure 11 shows the relationships between fault distance and PGVobs/PGV700exp estimated from Mw and the adjusted M. The total variance of PGVobs/PGV700exp was reduced in all ranges of fault distance by the adjusted M (Figs. 11 a, b)).
In agreement with this hypothesis, inhibition of Wee1 has led to reduced proliferation in a range of cancer cell lines [ 10, 23- 25].
S100A2 has been postulated in certain studies to play a suppressor role in tumour development, as it shows reduced expression in a range of cancer types, while other investigators have been unable to show any clear difference in methylation patterns between tumours and normal tissue (Rehman et al, 2005).
The initial draft calls on countries to respond to the "unequivocal scientific evidence that preventing the worst effects of climate change will require [developed nations] to reduce emissions in a range of 25-40% below 1990 levels by 2020 and that global emissions of greenhouse gases need to peak in the next 10 to 15 years".
Micropatterned surfaces have shown promise for reducing bioadhesion in a range of environments and represent a paradigm shift in methods for improving biomaterial compatibility [49-51] [49-51]
Exercise programmes targeting balance performance have been shown to improve balance and reduce falls in a range of community dwelling samples of older people [ 22- 24], but none of these have included people with dementia [ 25].
The hippocampus structure is associated with a number of seemingly distinct cognitions and is known to be reduced in a fairly wide range of clinical disorders (Geuze et al. 2004), increased after extensive learning in medical faculties (Draganski et al. 2006), and increased in taxi drivers, who may be viewed as experts with respect to spatial navigation and memory (Maguire et al. 2000).
