For { i : x i = y1}, (x, y ) is the duplication-deletion distance from x to y under the additional restriction that y1 is generated by x i.
For { i : x i = y1}, (x, y ) is the duplication-inversion distance from x to y under the additional restriction that y1 is generated by x i.
For { i : x i = y1}, (x, y ) is the duplication-inversion-deletion distance from x to y under the additional restriction that y1 is generated by x i.
We shall show, by induction, that for a pair of strings, x and y, the value d x, y) is equal to the duplication distance from x to y and that d i (x, y) is equal to the duplication distance from x to y under the restriction that the character y1 is copied from index i in x, i.e. x i generates y1.
We will use (x, y) to denote the distance from x to y in this model under the additional restriction that y1 is generated by x i and that the substring x s, t was inverted.
either spend from "x" to "y" or b. that your maximum to spend is "y".
In order to deal with examples of symmetric overdetermination, Hitchcock (2001) defines a notion of a weakly active route, the essential idea being that there is a weakly active route between X and Y just when Y counterfactually depends on X under the freezing of some possible, not necessarily actual, values of the variables that are not on the route from X to Y.
Interestingly, Geweke also noted that it might be possible to directly subtract the PGC calculated from Y to Z from the PGC value from X to Z when the influence from X to Z is entirely mediated through Y.
When x i is known and y i is < LOD, a random draw from the conditional distribution of y i given the observed value of x i truncated at the LOD is used to impute a value for y i.
Relative instantaneous rate of y, rir y) - Velocity of the variation of the function y(x), relative to the value of y, at the instant x.
However, if moreover y is a child of x the above expressions reduce to, s (x, y, u ) = p 11 (x, y ) ε (x, y ¯ ) ρ (l (p (u ), u ) / t (x, y ) ) s (y, y, u ).
