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The engineered tissues containing cells transfected to overexpress one of the has isozymes had significantly increased retention of hyaluronan within the scaffold; elevated hyaluronan secretion into the culture medium (all but has-2); reduced contraction; reduced collagen density; and significantly altered material properties compared to the LXSN controls.
Also, the addition of bioactive glass has reduced contraction of the PLGA/collagen scaffold in contact with the culture medium (data not shown).
Reduced contraction strength in three failing hearts was confirmed by tagged MRI and tissue was obtained directly from the operating theatre (e.g. Figure 1).
Following pathogen elimination, the number of specific effector CD8+ T cells is drastically reduced (contraction phase) and the establishment of a long-lived population of memory T cells responsible for perpetuating immunity against re-infection takes place.
The mechanism(s) for this reduced contraction requires further investigation.
Compounds that reduced contraction to less than 0.6 at 1 μ M also reduced contraction at 10 μ M but that the converse was not necessarily true.
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A recent study showed that AMPK β1/β2 skeletal muscle knockout mice not only have a reduced exercise capacity, but they also have reduced contraction-stimulated glucose uptake and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.
Consequently, oxygen consumption and cardiac contractile activity are higher in small animals, resulting in increased free radical production, reduced contraction-relaxation times, and differences in calcium handling and myofilament protein isoforms.
The reference drug indomethacin (2 mg.kg−1) reduced contractions to 34.4 ± 5.1 (Fig. 4).
In cholesterol gallstone formation, gallbladder smooth muscle develops reduced contractions, and the resulting impaired emptying leads to stasis.
This effect was not significant at the lowest dose of ASE (30 mg.kg−1), which slightly reduced contractions to 50.5 ± 4.4.
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