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Mutants deficient in one of the genes responsible for expressing these components displayed reduced cell-attachment properties in vitro [ 10] and showed reduced colonization in animal models [ 14– 16].
Colonization increased with time, but N and P fertilization reduced colonization.
We tested if reduced colonization of interior and mature forests by invasive plants is due to unfavorable habitat conditions.
Compared to animals immunized with vector alone, intimin-immunized rabbits exhibited reduced fecal bacterial shedding, milder diarrheal symptoms, lower weight loss, and reduced colonization of REPEC in the cecum.
A third study found two semiochemicals, trans-conophthorin and verbenone, reduced colonization of slash by I. perturbatus, and therefore holds promise as a tool for managing I. perturbatus populations.
Mutations in the gene resulted in the fragmentation of genomic DNA and cell death within a short period of time and reduced colonization in host stomachs.
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By contrast, deletion of hapA from either the P4ΔrtxA or P4ΔhlyA strain did not further reduce colonization.
However, female mice can be experimentally infected with N. gonorrhoeae despite the absence of human CEACAMs [30], [32], and Opa-specific antibodies could prevent or reduce colonization of mice through bactericidal activity, opsonophagocytic uptake, or agglutination with subsequent shedding.
Other effects of radiotherapy could result in preventing or reducing colonization after EMT.
Therefore, alternative antimicrobial strategies to reduce colonization of insertion sites are urgently needed.
Vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduces colonization rates of vaccine serotypes [ 35– 35].
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