Thus, spacer technology was used to reduce the BEC size and subsequently reduce the RESET current.
Claudin 5 expression was reduced and localization in BECs altered by hypoxia in vitro; changes were accompanied by a decrease in TEER [ 40].
Tavernarakis and colleagues found that RNAi against the autophagy gene bec-1 significantly reduced life span extension caused by cep-1 mutants [ 103].
We found that bec-1 RNAi reduced the amount of mFP released at steady-state from dFP LGG-1 andFP LGG-1G-1, just andwe had expected.
We found that the number of Ki67-positive BECs was significantly reduced in Mx1-Cre Yap flox/flox livers at day 5 post-BDL, coMx1-Cre Yaphe control Yap flox/flox livers (Fig. 4atB).
YAP upregulates TGF-β signaling to trigger proliferation of biliary epithelial cells (BEC), and reduces Hnf4α expression to inhibit hepatocyte differentiation (Lee et al., 2016).
Similarly, resveratrol reduced the aging-associated mortality of C. elegans, unless the products of sir-2.1or bec-1 were knocked down [ 77].
Since P-gp appears to be the main gatekeeper at the BBB, a very important observation was that xenobiotics, environmental toxins and pollutants, mediators of inflammation and even the neurotransmitter glutamate could affect expression of P-gp in the BECs, thereby reducing or increasing drug delivery to the brain [ 213].
However, this strategy faces another obstacle, because with increasing lipid solubility sequestration by liver and binding to plasma proteins also increases, which decreases the half-life of a peptide in plasma and reduces availability for interaction with BECs.
In addition to its cardioprotective effects, BEC also has important metabolic effects, reducing insulin resistance and improving glycemic control in overweight and patients with T2D.
