The type of carriage developed for very heavy weapons was exemplified by that used for the German 420-millimetre howitzers collectively known as "Big Bertha that were used to reduce the fortresses of Liège, Belg., in 1914.
The XX Corps landed in France in July 1944 and, as an element of Gen. George S. Patton's Third Army, captured Reims, crossed the Moselle River, reduced the fortress complex at Metz, and broke through the Siegfried Line, earning the nickname "Ghost Corps" for the speed of its advance.
For the smooth working of their plan for the invasion of France, the Germans had preliminarily to reduce the ring fortress of Liège, which commanded the route prescribed for their 1st and 2nd armies and which was the foremost stronghold of the Belgian defenses.
Despite these problems, Soult decided to besiege Badajoz in hopes that Wellington would send reinforcements to the Spanish fortress and thereby reduce the Allied forces facing Masséna at the Lines of Torres Vedras.
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Its advance allowed the 17th Infantry Brigade to make progress as well, and the two brigades reduced the southern sector of the fortress.
In 1918, to reduce overcrowding at the fortress, 168 internees were moved to Caldas, where they stayed in military barracks located at the Parque D. Carlos I (Pavilhões do Parque).
By this time, the fortress walls had been reduced to rubble by mining with explosives and wood fueled fires at the corners of the walls.
The fortress around Sattelberg was methodically reduced by intensive Allied bombing which lasted five days, coming to an end on 23 November.
The fortress of 1769 survives.
