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Ebert et al (1995, pp. 165 8) have shown that buprenorphine is one such opioid that can block NMDA receptors and reduce reflex facilitation and central sensitization (Kouya et al 2002).
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In both patients, Schirmer test (II) showed reduced reflex tearing in 1 eye.
Mechanisms suggested for this difference were disruption of the corneal epithelium, and reduced reflex tearing through increased comfort.
The pharmacological therapies, such as oral anti-spastic drugs, 8, 9 botulinum toxin injection, 9– 11 phenol injections, 9, 12 alcohol injection, 13 and intrathecal baclofen, 14, 15 usually focus on reducing reflex hyperexcitability.
Damage to the dorsal-root ganglion neurons also causes reduced reflexes, in this case because the afferent, or sensory, limb of the reflex arc is interrupted.
High foot arches, distal motor weakness and atrophy, and reduced reflexes are the main symptoms; sometimes the nerves are greatly thickened.
Abnormal behavior included reduced reflexes, erratic swimming, loss of equilibrium, and accelerated respiration.
Meningism was not present, and neurologic examination showed normal tone, symmetrically reduced reflexes, and downgoing plantar reflexes.
Of the defined sciatica-specific clinical findings, muscular weakness and reduced reflexes were prognostic of non-success.
Sciatica: Dermatome-related pain to area below the knee; often more intense than in the lumbar region; pins and needles or numbness; occasional muscular weakness; reduced reflexes.
The signs of diabetic neuropathy are variable but in diabetic symmetrical polyneuropathy (the most common type) include distal sensory loss affecting large or small fibers or both, and reduced reflexes.
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