Alternatively, reelin might be needed for the maturation of neuronal circuits (Ko et al. 2013), so that rl−/− mice preserve immature V1 circuits into adulthood with a reduced percentage of orientation-selective cells and a resulting reduced orientation discrimination ability.
There may also be an adverse risk selection in this model that is not sufficiently studied; the cost reducing orientation could promote incentives against complexity and cost against quality, as quality is not contractible and is hard to observe [6].
These monkeys showed also increased hearing threshold and reduced orientation to sounds, modality specific impairments similar to those reported in autistic infants [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].
Reduced orientation discrimination ability of rl−/− mice could be due to a lower number of oriented neurons in V1.
Thus rl−/− animals learned the task as WT, but performed worse and showed reduced orientation discrimination ability.
For example, lipid monolayers that include a Ni NTA functionality were introduced for affinity binding of his-tagged proteins (Kelly et al. 2008), and a variant of this has been described in which a spacer of poly ethylene glycol) 2000 (PEG2000) is used to reduce preferred orientation of proteins captured by the lipid monolayer (Benjamin et al. 2016).
The newly formed, independent Mormon Mental Health Association has come out against any therapies "which have been developed to change, alter or reduce sexual orientation".
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02875.017 To reduce spindle orientation variability, taxol-stabilized microtubules could require higher than physiological levels of LGN at the cell cortex.
We used the method of Parker and Alexander to reduce fibre orientation ambiguities in voxels containing fibre crossings (Parker and Alexander, 2003; Parker et al., 2003).
It is also suggested that introduction of structural flexibility for the freely rotating of the fluorophores would reduce the orientation effect.
