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Moreover, the quantitative vessel SUVmax and TBR values may reduce observer bias as compared to that noted with visual qualitative evaluation of vascular involvement.
The review found that the evidence was of moderate quality: few studies attempted to reduce observer bias, control for confounding factors, report variance measures, or use appropriate analysis.
All bioassays were conducted blind with the observer unaware of the nature of the extracts to be tested in order to reduce observer bias.
All field workers were kept blind to the objectives of the study to reduce observer bias.
Efforts were made to reduce observer bias and ensure robustness of data as discussed below.
Capacity assessments were made prior to eliciting views on surrogate decision-making in order to reduce observer bias in the capacity assessment.
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Blinding becomes less important in reducing observer bias, as the outcome measure becomes less subjective [ 157].
This instrument reduces observer bias and digit preference by 'muddling' the zero levels and has been widely used in epidemiological surveys [ 5].
To reduce observer measurement bias, sidestream darkfield images were analyzed off-line and in a blinded fashion by one of the investigators (FS), who was blinded to the patient's clinical course and the order of the sequences.
To reduce observer effects, the observers switched plots between occasions.
Automated BP instruments are used to reduce observer error.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com