Two of the diverse gall-inducing groups in this study, Euurina and Apiomorpha, occur on host taxa (Salix and Eucalyptus respectively) that are persistent and locally abundant over vast geographic spaces, traits thought to reduce a lineage's probability of extinction.
Here, we demonstrate that mice constitutively expressing the activated intracellular domain of Notch2 in NSCs display a hyperplasia of the neurogenic niche and reduced neuronal lineage entry.
Although the sample size for this test is small (N = 10), this result is consistent with the hypothesis that domestication reduces a lineage's effective population size and thus may increase the accumulation of slightly deleterious, nonsynonymous changes in the mitochondrial genome.
To better understand why KLS cell numbers were reduced, FL lineage-negative and KLS populations were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the fraction of Annexin V stained cells.
It consists of the number of loci, in base pairs, single copy mutation of which may reduce fitness of the lineage, where the loci are divided into subclasses, and the number in each subclass is multiplied by the probability that a mutation of it will lead to a fitness reduction as a function of genetic and environmental context.
The rapid evolution of, and two additional WGD events in, the Arabidopsis lineage may reduce our ability to align these respective genomes.
This leaves enough time to accumulate phylogenetically relevant sequence differences and to reduce the effects of lineage sorting and prevents introgression.
At the late DN2 stage, T cell precursors are fully committed to the T cell lineage and reduce expression of both c-kit and CD44.
A mutation within a cell of cancer lineage may reduce or amplify the copy number of a specific gene or regulatory element without a direct effect on tumor cell fitness in the original anatomical compartment or progression stage.
As an alternative strategy, we recently proposed to reduce the number of lineage factors required for purification by exposure of erythrocyte-depleted, immunomagnetic bead-selected CD133+ cells to Aldefluor, followed by staining with anti-CD133+ antibodies and only two lineage-specific antibodies (anti-CD45 and anti-GlyA) for step 3 [ 38].
