Depletion of CD3+ and CD56+ (<2% CD3+ and <1% CD56+) reduced killing to 50% (data not shown).
The colicin-producing strains evolved significantly reduced killing activity over 112 days.
Molecular inhibition of autophagy significantly reduced killing by the drug combination.
The A247E mutation located within the receptor-binding site, which causes reduced killing of target cells (Supplementary Figure S1A and Del-Rey et al)., displays reduced FasL processing.
The functional consequences of blocking the receptor were the accumulation of IL-2 in the co-culture supernatants and reduced killing of myeloma cells in the cultures.
Alternatively activated macrophages (M2) are characterized by suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory effects and reduced killing capacity toward pathogens [ 5, 6].
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01808.027 We then evaluated the effect of our loss-of-function mutant rNaD1 R40E), which exhibited reduced killing activity of fungal cells, on U937 cells.
Cotransfection with PCH proteins, however, results in an intracellular retention of FasL, colocalisation with components of the lysosomal compartment [ 43, 45] and reduced killing capacity of transfected 293T cells [ 43] (Fig. 4).
This idea is further supported by the fact that AQs packaged in MVs inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis (Mashburn & Whiteley, 2005), whereas mutants in kynAU were unable to kill S. aureus and a kynB mutant displayed reduced killing, presumably due to the lack of AQ production (Farrow & Pesci, 2007).
