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To reduce ex post moral hazard, we assume that both the insured and the insurer would pay more for a larger realization of the insurable loss.
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The authors interpret this result as consistent with Boards of Directors exercising discretion to reduce costly ex post settling up in cash compensation.
Private placements reduce contracting and ex post holdup costs in new product market relationships.
Evaluations are conducted both ex ante to assess cost benefits of preparedness, preventive interventions, and mitigation to reduce losses from disasters and ex post to assess compensatory assistance to help recover from the impacts.
Second, we consider the optimal initial contract in anticipation of ex post renegotiation and show that the government should trade off between ex ante social welfare and ex post psychological loss.
Therefore, the objective of this article is, as the previous paragraphs have summarized, to provide legal criteria not to establish guilt ex post facto but to be applied actively in the field to reduce civilian vulnerability.
These positions are based on a legal ex post facto analysis and are regrettably of little assistance to humanitarians attempting to apply the law to reduce civilian vulnerability in the field.
"The ex post is an illusion".
The days of ex post facto price justification are over.
Unfortunately potential output is not observable, not even ex post".
That would be ex post facto with a vengeance.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com