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It was observed that, using high volume fraction of SMA wires can significantly reduce deflection.
It was observed that, the presence of embedded SMA wires in the beam can effectively reduce deflection.
Cast-iron columns carried iron trusses of three different spans 7.3 metres (24 feet), 14.6 metres (48 feet), and 21.9 metres (72 feet)—in riveted wrought iron; spanning between the trusses were ingenious "Paxton gutters" made of wooden compression members above iron tension rods that prestressed the wood to reduce deflection.
Similar(57)
Some effective methods to reduce deflections of membranes are presented.
In fact, the prestressing force is used to control cracks formation, to reduce deflections and to partially counterbalance the effect of dead and live loads.
This reduces deflection, or sagging, and cracking of the concrete when the service load is applied and permits the use of somewhat shallower floor members.
As in posttensioning, this gives the precast floor members a slight upward arch, which reduces deflection and permits the use of shallower members.
Correction factors were derived for different wind directions and reduced deflection in the full-scale data-set by <3°.
Using a structural analysis, parameters representing the stiffness of the frames in reducing deflection ratios and horizontal strains were derived.
Additional advantages of the present technique are the enhanced moment carrying capacity, reduced deflection and crack width and improved ductility.
The ultimate strengths of the repaired beams were equivalent or significantly higher than those of the control specimens, although reduced deflection capacities were registered after repair.
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