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This method is predicted by the model to reduce CIA from 3.27% to 1.3% and NOx from 588 ppm to 503 ppm.
We have previously shown that endogenous estrogens are sufficient to reduce CIA, because OVX mice display more severe arthritis compared with sham-operated mice [ 45].
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Having confirmed that NAMPT expression is increased in CIA, we next investigated if inhibition of NAMPT enzymatic function with APO866 could reduce established CIA.
In this study, OP3-4 treatment seemed to reduce the CIA-induced clinical score, although not significantly.
As expected, OP3-4 significantly reduced the CIA-induced serum CTX levels, a marker of bone resorption.
The area of metachromasia indicated by toluidine blue staining at the articular site of tibiae was reduced in the CIA-vehicle group compared with the Normal-vehicle group.
The mineral apposition rate (MAR), which indicates the bone formation ability of osteoblasts, was significant reduced in the CIA-vehicle group compared with the Normal-vehicle group, while OP3-4 treatment prevented the reduction of the MAR in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 6d).
Furthermore, while heterodimer IL-17AF was detectable during CIA, neutralization with anti-IL-17A was sufficient to reduce arthritis, further supporting the dominant role of IL-17A.
The high dose of OP3-4 may seem to reduce the clinical score because of secondary effects resulting from the prevention of CIA-induced bone loss.
Reduce, reduce, reduce.
In CIA mice treated with VIP, the mRNA levels of COX-2, IL-11, and IL-17 in the joints were reduced compared with vehicle treated CIA mice, being similar to those of control (non-CIA) mice.
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