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In 2000 they approved Proposition 106, which transferred redistricting authority from the state legislature to a newly created nonpartisan commission (the AIRC).
Five other states hand redistricting authority over to bipartisan commissions, sometimes with a neutral tie-breaker approved by both parties.Neither system works perfectly.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 last month that voters have a right to take redistricting authority away from their states.
We classify six proposed methods to infer the intent of a redistricting authority using a formal framework for causal inferences that encompasses the redistricting process from the release of census data to the adoption of a final plan.
And, if a member of the public creates a redistricting plan that exceeds a state redistricting authority's plan in meeting the legal requirements, the media and the courts may take a jaundiced view of the state's original plan.
Much like Arizona, California approved a ballot measure in 2010 that shifted redistricting authority for congressional seats from the state Legislature to an independent commission.
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Redistricting authorities may purposefully restrict the scope of the information they make available.
All too often, redistricting authorities maintain their power by obstructing public participation.
We then review how these methods were employed in the 2014 Florida district court ruling that the state legislature violated a state constitutional prohibition on partisan gerrymandering, and propose standards that advocacy groups and courts can impose upon redistricting authorities to ensure they are held accountable if they adopt a partisan gerrymander.
In the most recent round of redistricting, the public could draw redistricting plans through their web-browsers using Dave's Redistricting App; the open-source DistrictBuilder software created by myself, Dr. Altman at MIT, and our software development partner Azavea; or commercial or internally developed applications distributed by redistricting authorities.
On the other hand, computers have been accused of enabling redistricting authorities to effortlessly achieve any nefarious goals.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com