In the redistributive scheme, units in the treatment were compared with the average collective performance of all the buildings in the group.
As a result, the Caribbean bloc has banded together to out-vote its larger neighbours and secure a comfortably outsize share of the federation's budget.For over two decades, Mr Warner was both the architect and the operations manager of this redistributive scheme, to the benefit of both Caribbean footballing nations and, apparently, himself.
While there are many proposals out there to buttress the euro by putting in place some mechanism of fiscal insurance, the Germans will (rightly, in my view) believe that any such mechanism is a redistributive scheme at their own expense and observe that they would have avoided such a tax if they had not joined (just like the UK, Sweden, and Denmark were spared the burden of the Greek bail-out).
This means that a decrease in this population growth rate would lead to a more redistributive scheme.
But they do a poor job of explaining The Economist's liberalism, which reconciles the left's impatience at an unsatisfactory status quo with the right's scepticism about grandiose redistributive schemes.
Here, text helps construct understandings of the world that builds social realities (e.g., social relations, class categories, gender fractions, and racial groupings), state formations (e.g., economic programs, fiscal policies, and government redistributive schemes), and material realities (e.g., landscapes, cities, neighborhoods, and nations).
Threats of declining investments block redistributive schemes, so that credible threats circumvent the need to convince others of the reasons for such policies or to put some issue under democratic control.
If external pressures were main drivers of policy change, as in the liberal convergence thesis, convergence would be particularly likely between Scandinavian welfare states, which are similarly vulnerable to the structural squeeze of global competition and immigration because of their comparatively strong redistributive schemes and high wages.
Second, they choose a redistributive system behind a veil of ignorance.
Journal of Public Economics 17, 181 211], the paper provides a characterization of the properties of an optimal redistributive mixed tax scheme in the general case when the government evaluates individuals' well-being using a different utility function than the one maximized by private agents.
Quite apart from the clash of ideologies, there's the constraint imposed by the government's budget, which, in a given year, will have a fixed amount of money set aside for each of the redistributive social welfare schemes.
