There was no recurrent design motif.
Medical devices are characterized notably by a wide heterogeneity (from tongue depressors to hip prostheses, and from non-implantable to invasive devices), a short life cycle with recurrent incremental innovations (from 18 months to 5 years), and an operator-dependent nature.
In order to thicken his fiction, Balzac hit upon the innovation of the recurrent character.
Since the inception of Canadian medicare in the late 1960s there have been recurrent cycles, albeit largely fruitless, of demands for innovation to primary care delivery models [ 1].
There must be evidence: The process of evidence and risk assessment is necessary whether in developed or developing countries – new innovations can lead to long-term recurrent costs that compete for limited health resources, and therefore the potential cost needs to be weighed against the potential benefits.
An overview of the factor barriers to innovation in the GNSI highlights four major recurrent policy dimensions that restrain innovation and prevent innovativeness in the Ghana economy.
A recurrent theme across all interventions was the need for innovation to improve referral systems, using available resources, to ensure that mothers and newborns can be transferred to the appropriate level of care when needed [ 4, 20, 22].
Each team had performed a case study of one or more specific public policies, and we sought to understand whether, notwithstanding the heterogeneity of the studies, we could uncover any recurrent themes, points in common, as well as any innovations.
The paper is the result of a collaborative process among several open innovation scholars — having a common basis in the recurrent Professional Development Workshop (PDW) on "Researching Open Innovation" at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Finally, considering the variable phenotypes observed in cnidarian species that nevertheless share a similar protein complement, we discuss a scenario of parallelism (Gould 2002) to explain the recurrent but independent emergence of similar phenotypes in periods of high innovation.
