In other words, a single-locus GFG model, in which each host and parasite locus has two alleles, with discrete non-overlapping generations of haploid parasites and haploid or selfing plants, generates an "arms race" with recurrent fixation of host and parasite alleles, if the life cycle of host and parasites are synchronised and disease transmission is frequency-dependent [ 15, 28].
As part of its preparations, the city also began building a new drainage system.Not all of it was ready in time, a recurrent theme in host cities.
The recurrent relation between host geographical range and parasite species diversity has been explained in part by increased chance of intense localized encounters between interacting species with the increasing range size of the host species [ 10, 13].
Slavemaking ants are obligate social parasites that depend on enslaved host workers recruited during recurrent slave-raids from host nests [ 14- 16].
This concept raises the question of whether characteristics of the bacterial strain itself, such as propensity for cellular invasion, predispose the host to recurrent disease.
Since both primary and recurrent infections are generally subclinical, host antiviral immune responses are effective at limiting the pathogenic potential of HCMV.
E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the intestinal tract and lives in symbiosis with its host is a recurrent source of infection in humans.
8 Without treatment of these hypnozoites, reactivation may lead to recurrent clinical infections in the host.
From 1998 through 2002, 3,477 repeat spells were excluded; these are unlikely to represent independent events, e.g., the likelihood of recurrent GBS may depend on host genetic factors.
The late effect medical complications of HCT have been well described and for children include chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), recurrent infection, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary function abnormalities, growth and development issues, recurrent malignancy and development of secondary malignancy.
