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Other variables of interest included in the analysis were: age measured in years, patient sex (male or female), type of tuberculosis (pulmonary vs. extra-pulmonary), treatment scheme (new vs. recurrent), change of sputum during treatment assessed monthly, and HIV status (positive vs. unknown).
An intermediate evolutionary trajectory may also reflect a cost of lost alleles due to selection caused by the recurrent change of phenotypic optima (see [ 54]).
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A repository has been used to recall previously discovered micro-clusters in the presence of recurrent change to manage evolving data.
Additionally, in settings with high staff turnover, the quality of professional practice and professional culture can be undermined by recurrent change and/or the loss of pedagogical leadership (Whitebook and Ryan 2011; IofM and NRC 2012).
Gain at 5p, which had been identified as the most frequent recurrent change in the series of 70 CxSCC (Scotto et al, 2008b), was observed in 58% (31 out of 53) of the re-analysed cervical tumours compared with none of the 27 vulval neoplasia samples.
Other recurrent changes included loss of chromosomes 4q and 6q, regions shown to contain one or more tumour suppressor genes.
The largest recurrent changes were gain of 16p and 20q but most changes involved much smaller genomic regions scattered throughout the genomes.
Other recurrent changes including losses of 3p, 4p, 9p, 11q, and 14q, as well as frequent gain of chromosome 7 have also been suggested to have relevance to the development and progression of these tumors [ 9].
Analysis of recurrent changes observed in xenografts showed enrichment of CNA in certain chromosomes.
41 These abnormalities deregulate juxtaposed genes; thus recurrent changes in the expression of a subset of genes may be partly responsible for disease heterogeneity, producing myeloma-specific unique clinical patterns.
Gene expression profile analysis showed dynamic variations between tumor pairs (xenograft and primary tumor), with recurrent changes in the expression of a small group of stroma-related genes.
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