Also, to preserve the duality with the appearance-based analysis, the processing is shifted to the rectified domain using the transformation T defined in Section 2. The resulting image, denoted D r, is illustrated in Figure 4.e for the previous example.
For quantitative analysis the afferent signal was full-wave rectified before averaging the auditory response to all 100 sound pulses at each speaker position (Fig. 1C).
Accordingly, the combined rectified activity of both R1 and R2 was considered appropriate for analysis, as the R2 component is always much larger and this helped to minimise natural variability.
Off-line analysis separated responses according to condition and compiled averages of rectified EMG.
Data were visually inspected for artifacts, and in preparation for statistical analysis were bandpass filtered (30 - 500 Hz, 24 dB/octave), rectified, and low-pass filtered (8 Hz, 24 dB/octave).
The onset latency (ms) and the area under the curve AUC (μV x ms) of the R2 component (rectified EMG) between 35 and 95 ms were calculated by PC-based offline analysis with custom written software programmed in Matlab.
Quantitative analysis of the area (expressed in µV × s) of the rectified EMG corresponding to the R1 component of the evoked blink response (Figure 1F) was analyzed as described elsewhere [29].
From top to bottom: normal AC (50 Hz), full-wave rectified, half-wave rectified, idealised (rectified) inductor pulse and three phase rectified.
The study analysed the current shortcomings of urban mobility planning in Germany and concluded: "According to our analysis, informal local transportation planning is subject to structural deficits which cannot be expected to be rectified substantially without enacting a sufficiently guiding legal framework".
The raw nerve signal was band-pass filtered (700 2000 Hz), amplified (100×999.9), rectified and integrated (time constant of 0⋅1 s) to obtain mean voltage neurograms (IMSNA) using the nerve traffic analysis system (662C-3, University of Iowa).
EMGworks Analysis (Delsys EMGworks 4.0, Delsys, Boston, MA) was used for analysis and filtering of muscle activity signals; the rectified EMG records were low-pass filtered using a second order Butterworth filter.
