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However, in the case of the DWCNT membranes, the two-step modification was not effective at showing rectification (Table 2).
However, larger mobile anions such as ferricyanide, 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (NDS), and benzenesulfonate showed rectification (Table 1).
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The ionic current of potassium ferricyanide vs. transmembrane bias for as-made and modified DWCNT membranes is shown in Figure 6, with a summary of rectification factors in Table 2.
After the period numbers are recovered from the look-up table, a rectification based on these three criteria will be conducted to determine the final reliable period numbers n.
We saved the rectification transforms as lookup tables.
As seen in Table 3, the rectification factor dropped to 2 and 3, close to that of the expected as-made membranes.
Electrophysiologically, in vivo grafted VMN-Wnt5a DA neurons were remarkably similar to those grafted in vitro, displaying mature functional properties and no delayed inward rectification (Fig. 2I L, Text S1; Table S1).
Two-way ANOVA showed that group assignment (Experimental, Control) had significant effects on RMP, firing threshold, thresholds for inward and outward rectification, oscillation threshold, and oscillation amplitude (Table 4).
The effect of time on these 7 parameters was relatively small, but was significant for all (Table 2) except inward rectification threshold (Fig. 3H) and oscillation amplitude (Fig. 3K).
Table 3 Summary of ionic rectification factor on DWCNT membrane after water plasma oxidation to remove gatekeepers Concentration Rectification factor (mM) Potassium ferricyanide NDS Sodium benzenesulfonate 10 3.2 ± 0.3 1.7 ± 0.2 2.4 ± 0.2 50 2.8 ± 0.3 1.5 ± 0.07 2.0 ± 0.2 100 2.4 ± 0.2 1.4 ± 0.0.02 2.0 ± 0.2.
Table 1 Summary of ionic rectification factor on single-step modified DWCNT-dye membrane Concentration Rectification factor (mM) Potassium ferricyanide NDS Sodium benzenesulfonate 10 7.2 ± 0.3 3.1 ± 0.3 2.4 ± 0.2 50 6.4 ± 1 2.0 ± 0.1 2.0 ± 0.1 100 5.6 ± 1 2.3 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.1 Rectification factor was calculated by the ratio of ionic transport current at ±0.6-V bias.
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