This temperature difference is in contrast to the results published by Dunney et al. [ 15], who obtained very satisfactory results with transponders in the ichio-rectal position with readings closely following the rectal temperature.
In addition, this surgical approach applies only to mid-low position rectal cancer and, therefore, its indications are limited as it does not apply to all patients with rectal cancer.
In the next section, methods for reducing this variability in rectal size and position are examined.
Therefore, a device inserted into the rectum should minimize a change in rectal filling or gas position and hence stability of rectum and therefore prostate or prostate bed.
Throughout the experiment, the animals were kept in the same position, and rectal temperature was monitored with a thermistor for small animals (PTC-201; Unique Medical) and was maintained at 33.5 35.5°C.
Wang et al. [ 48] and Han et al. [ 49] have reported on their attempts to avoid switching to the leg-separation clasp-knife position for rectal cancer patients who needed cylindrical abdominoperineal resection surgery.
The heavily redacted report detailed disturbing incidents of "enhanced interrogation techniques" that subjected detainees to waterboarding, painful and humiliating rectal insertions and "stress positions" designed to force them to reveal any knowledge of pending terrorist attacks.
Lower internal reliability was achieved for statements regarding the use of a rectal tube, spasmolytics, decubitus positioning and number of CT data acquisitions, faecal tagging, 2D vs. 3D reading and reporting.
Lower internal reliability was achieved for the use of a rectal tube, spasmolytics, decubitus positioning and number of CT data acquisitions, faecal tagging, 2D vs. 3D reading, and reporting.
For the last three fractions the treatment plan is based on a CT-scan acquired in between fractions 1 and 2. The patient position (high lithotomy, rectal US probe) during TRUS-guided catheter implantation and first fraction differs from the patient position in the CT-scan and the remaining three fractions (lowered legs, no TRUS probe).
The inter-reader agreement of the two readers determining the position of the rectal pouch with MRI was perfect (kappa of 1.0), while colostography/fistulography showed a corresponding kappa of only 0.58 (moderate agreement).
