The initial level of matching of the seed records was estimated using the root mean square deviation (D rms ) between the spectral amplitudes, Eq. (6).
The effect of income grouping on birth outcomes listed on the birth records was estimated using odds ratios and Fisher's exact tests.
In the second step, genetic parameters for direct and associative effects on pseudo-records were estimated using a linear animal model [ 8, 13], implemented in ASReml [ 31].
Monthly records of NPP were estimated using an uncertainty range of 40 50 % of the GPP carbon flux defined for temperate ecosystems.
Within the current study, daily heritabilities and genetic correlations between DMI records from different lactation stages were estimated using random regression models based on 910 primiparous Holstein cows.
In the Netherlands, total direct medical costs of AEs in hospitals were estimated using patient records of 2004 [ 18].
Total costs of the program and incremental costs of RUSF and related management and logistics were estimated using accounting records and key informant interviews, and include costs to institutions and communities.
Genetic parameters and genetic trends for staple length (SL), staple fineness (SF), fiber length (FL) and fiber diameter (FD) were estimated using 7798 repeat records of 4583 Inner Mongolia cashmere goats at different ages measured from 2008 2011.
Body mass index (BMI) and serum cholesterol were estimated using the latest recording in 2007.
Dietary folate intakes were estimated using 3-d weighed food records.
Values at specific time points were estimated using linear interpolation between consecutive recorded values.
