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This paper presents an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) consisting of both, a four-channel neural stimulator and a single-channel recording amplifier, along with their digital control and regulated voltage supplies.
Optical interference from these high-power optical sources to the recording amplifier has been reported [ 80].
Therefore, the culture was regulated to 35°C using a servo-controlled (Modular One Technology, Parker, TX) custom solid state Peltier cooler mounted below the recording amplifier.
Electrode impedance spectroscopy was performed on several prepared lenses; impedance of each channel was typically within the range 60 70 kΩ at 100 Hz, which was <0.1%% of the input impedance of the recording amplifier.
Additionally, an intracellular recording amplifier (Axoclamp-700B, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was added, from which all data were streamed to a free channel of the MEA recording system, guaranteeing perfect synchronization of extracellular and intracellular recordings.
Pipettes were bent through an angle of about 45° approx. 1 mm from the tip, so that it approached the membrane vertically when mounted on the headstage of the recording amplifier.
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An experimental advantage of the ISP technique is that high frequency pulses do not saturate recording amplifiers.
The overall digital control is designed to control up to 16 stimulation channels and four recording amplifiers using a regular and modular implementation for the analog parts which gives rise to higher ASIC performances with a small increase in area.
An added advantage of fast pulse stimulation (2.5 or 10 µs pulse width with 5 or 50 µs pause, depending on the number of electrode pairs) is that the transients of high frequency pulses affect simultaneously recorded LFP or neuronal spikes (1 Hz–5 kHz; 20 kHz sampling) substantially less than conventional tACS and they do not saturate recording amplifiers even at relatively high intensities.
These technically demanding experiments employ a head-mounted microdrive connected to recording amplifiers via a lightweight wire tether (Long et al., 2010).
His first assignment was to fix their problematic recording amplifiers whose overall phase shift measured out to a voice-distorting 1500 degrees.
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