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This difference has been postulated to facilitate the role these two proteins play, with PepT1 being responsible for rapid peptide uptake in the small intestine following food ingestion, whereas PepT2 must be more efficient in peptide recognition to avoid loss of these nutrients in the urine.
The wide array of rapidly evolving reproductive genes in animals and plants is generally explained by a set of different theories that include sexual selection (in the form of sperm competition, co-evolution of male and female genes caused by sexual conflict, female choice), self/non-self recognition to avoid inbreeding [ 1] and/or reinforcement of mating barriers between species [ 17].
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The emotional expression of the familiar faces was changed between the learning and the recognition stage to avoid trivial image matching strategies.
Most vertebrates recognize their close relatives (kin recognition), either to avoid mating with them or to identify the most appropriate recipients of nepotistic behavior (kin discrimination) [ 1- 3].
In one of the earliest attempts to classify events involving body motion, Yamoto et al. [4] investigated human action recognition using HMMs to avoid explicit geometric modelling of the human body.
Therefore, motifs in the pathogen that are involved in the recognition tend to evolve faster to avoid this recognition.
In addition to the self-recognition mechanisms required to avoid inbreeding within a single species, plants have mechanisms to control mating between different species [ 59].
Their work protects the organism from infectious agents and may prevent, inhibit, or block carcinogenesis, whilst disrupted functioning of these pattern recognition receptors may allow infectious agents or tumor cells to avoid recognition by the immune system and, consequently, not be eliminated.
Other fungal pathogens suppress or evade host immunity through a variety of mechanisms, including: (1) recognition avoidance by immune receptors via sequestration within host cells (Woods 2003); (2) digestion of its own antigens with metalloproteases to avoid recognition (Hung et al. 2005); and (3) interference with immune signaling (Brandhorst et al. 2004).
That would normally have prompted the European Commission to propose mutual recognition of such unions, to avoid muddle when couples move.
It should be at the side of the mouth and slightly below, a thumb's width to two fingers away, to avoid recognition of breath sounds.
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