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Anion effluxes are also amongst the earliest responses observed in plant cells following recognition of pathogenic signals.
Recognition of pathogenic microorganisms triggers in plants comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming.
Molecular recognition of pathogenic microorganisms triggers in plants comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming.
TLRs are involved in the recognition of pathogenic molecules like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), bacterial DNA and others [ 1].
Fisher et al. (3 ) recently reviewed the increasing role and recognition of pathogenic fungi that affect global biodiversity.
Non-self recognition is required both in conspecific allorecognition (recognition of a different individual from the same species) or recognition of pathogenic non-self.
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Recent data has brought to light differences in IRF3 activation following recognition of different pathogenic stimuli [38], [39], [64].
Third, there might be cross-tolerization between NOD1 and NOD2 leading to increased recognition of both pathogenic and commensal bacteria in NOD2-deficient macrophages pre-exposed to microbial ligands [37].
However, recognition of the pathogenic bacteria in gut population and distinguishing from non-harmful microbiota is difficult and restricted by the fact that bacterial diversity is not yet fully explored and the pathogenic bacteria are also present in clinically healthy animals.
The application of array CGH to investigate patients with epilepsy has led to the recognition of recurrent pathogenic microdeletions, with 15q13.3, 16p13.11 and 15q11.2 microdeletions emerging as significant risk factors for generalised epilepsies, as well as focal epilepsies in the case of 16p13.11 [5–7].
Recognition of recurrent lesions will ultimately result in the identification of pathogenic genes.
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