The strategy maps out a one-year time frame, from pre-migration to active participation in the workplace, during which assessment, recognition, and partial or non-recognition of credentials occurs.
We also allow the returns to education to differ between the two groups to allow for the possibility of greater recognition of educational credentials.
The fact that this variable is positive also raises doubt about the extent of the lack of recognition of foreign credentials as an explanation for the immigrant wage gap (we would expect this variable to be negative if the lack of recognition of foreign credentials was systematic and significant in explaining the immigrant wage gap).
Credential Recognition In the public debate on how to improve Quebec's attractiveness to immigrants, it is often observed that migrants have trouble securing recognition of professional credentials earned overseas.
It is also recognized that during the progression of this study a number of provincial and national strategies were initiated such as the Pan Canadian Framework for the Recognition of Foreign Credentials [ 35] in Canada during 2009/2010, however our study pre-dates the implementation of these strategies, therefore unfortunately participants in this study were not their beneficiaries.
Professional immigrant women are more likely to experience non-recognition of foreign credentials than men.
These experiences suggest that while many developed countries implement policies to attract skilled workers, non-recognition of foreign credentials and prior work experience in immigrant-receiving countries reduces the immigrants' earnings and contributes to their downward social mobility (Guo, 2009).
This evidence implies that the underlying reason for lower returns to foreign schooling and a persistent and significant occupational mismatch may not be the postarrival difficulties involving the recognition of immigrants' foreign credentials but rather the lower quality of those credentials.
Guests have full use of the facilities of the nearby hotel, which has an EU Flower award in recognition of its green credentials and a restaurant, tennis courts and outdoor pool.
In one case, a German teacher who wanted to work in Austria was told that he could submit an application for recognition of his German credentials only after he had found a job.
