If the early and automatic recognition of abstract numerosity is due to perceptual change detection, as we hypothesize, the supposedly number-specific P2p should be absent after changes in numerosity since there is no consistent perceptual confound across the trials in this paradigm.
As such, the opaque pseudowords activated associated verbal codes as the lexicon was searched for real word matches, resulting in brain activity similar to that evoked during the auditory presentation of abstract words to a degree and reducing any activation differences associated with the spoken word recognition of abstract and pseudowords.
Concurrent think-aloud protocols were analysed to derive measures of the rate of schema-driven analogising (i.e., the recognition-primed application of abstract experiential knowledge that could afford a design solution to a familiar problem type), and case-driven analogising (i.e., the invocation of a concrete prior design problem whose solution elements could be mapped onto the current problem).
Future studies investigating spoken word recognition of concrete and abstract words will need to consider possible effects of the verbal and nonverbal, imaginal codes likely associated with abstract conceptual representations.
We examined activity in regions of interest (ROIs) selected from the meta-analysis of Binder et al. [ 42] to explore whether the reported 'perceptual' and 'verbal' regions could be reliably activated during spoken word recognition of concrete and abstract words using an auditory lexical decision task.
But if Kandinsky duly won recognition as the pioneer of abstract art, he remained to the end a strangely solitary figure.
But his abstract recognition of Israeli control of the city and brash statement of intent read as a clear signal that the administration may not respect the Palestinian quest for sovereignty.
These findings confirm the involvement of a widely distributed network of brain regions that are activated in response to the spoken recognition of concrete but not abstract words.
Thomasson, for example, argues that at least some works of art (i.e., musical and literary works) are a kind of "abstract artifact" meriting recognition as genuine creations (1999, 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2010).
"Verbal Memory" and "Visual Memory" are reported as the average percent correct for several tasks including word recognition, symbol matching, letter memory, discrimination of abstract line drawing, and a symbol memory task.
This is further supported by previous findings that information processing of concrete words is faster and more efficient than that of abstract words in recognition, free and cued recall, paired associated learning, comprehension of a sentence, and a meaningfulness judgment task [Haberlandt and Graesser, 1985; Holmes and Langford, 1976; Paivio et al., 1994].
