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Mycoparasitism is a complex process that involves sequential events, including recognition, attack and subsequent penetration and killing of the host.
Thus, skeletal muscle "nurse cells" protect the Trichinella larvae from recognition, attack, or elimination by immune cells [ 40].
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Cell surface carbohydrate antigens have been potent targets for immune recognition and attack against cancer cells because of their abundance at the cell surface and because of their unexpected immunogenicity.
The reduction of T cells may be one way for breast cancer cells to escape from immune recognition and attack.
Binding to LFA-1 and Mac-1, ICAM-1 can facilitate the metastasis of cancer cells by escaping the recognition and attack of immunocytes (Makrilia et al, 2009).
In addition, chronic inflammation has been linked to the generation of local and general patterns of immune suppression that protect tumours from immune recognition and attack [ 40].
Following pathogen or toxin exposure, the ancient innate immune response is responsible for immediate recognition, rapid attack, and destruction of foreign intruders and involves inflammatory reactions.
The attrition of local and of general immunity has been linked to chronic inflammation, and immune suppression is mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells, type-2 cytokine expression and alternatively activated, M2, macrophages that protect tumours from immune recognition and attack [ 40].
As our knowledge of the disease has grown more nuanced over the decades, a paradigm shift has happened in the field, centered on the recognition that attacking a complex disease with blunt tools is not the most effective approach.
Clearly, the failed Christmas Day terrorist act has jolted the U.S. into a recognition that attacks on its homeland will be a part of Al Qaeda's strategy for a long time to come.
Recognising the presence of the premonitory phase of migraine in children allows education of parents and carers about such symptoms and better recognition of attacks, particularly in younger children.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com