In the past years, the introduction of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for tumour studies, helped to recognise activated phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) metabolism as one emerging metabolic hallmark associated with oncogenesis and tumour progression (Podo, 1999; Podo et al, 2011).
To investigate the different stages of Src kinase activation, Clone28 antibody (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) was employed to recognise the partially activated form of Src, as Clone28 recognised Src that is unphosphorylated at Y530, independent of the phosphorylation status of Y419.
Synovial T cells from RA patients have been shown to recognise and be activated by peptides from the EBV transactivators (MZLF1 and BMFL1) [ 11].
V γ9V δ2 T cells have a unique capacity to recognise and be activated and expanded by non-peptide phosphoantigens, including aminobisphosphonate drugs, such as zoledronate and pamidronate.
Overall, our findings suggest that heteromodal association areas were activated when recognising spoken concrete and abstract words consistent with the view that these regions interface with a critical set of modality-specific representations.
The A domains of modules McyB1 (the first module of the McyB protein) and McyC recognise and activate the amino acids that are incorporated in the variable positions X and Z of microcystin.
It is now recognised that DCs are activated via TLRs [ 39].
It was initially recognised as being pathologically activated in TSC and FCDIIb [ 3, 6] and subsequently in related malformative lesions primarily characterised by abnormal neuronal growth, such as hemimegalencephaly and gangliogliomas, with pS6 coming to be regarded as a biomarker of these 'mTORopathies' [ 4, 5].
Helper T-cells on the other hand are needed to recognise pathogens and activate both cytotoxic T-cells and B-cells, another type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies.
This is because most chemotherapies kill target cells by apoptosis and similarly induce cell death of activated T cells recognising tumour antigen.
