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However, recipients of support were not more likely to reciprocate support in conflicts involving the supporter up to a week later, suggesting that reciprocity of support in ravens is not based on short-term calculations on a tit-for-tat basis.
Our findings, however, show that ravens are more likely to reciprocate support over 2 years than within a week, mirroring recent findings in apes showing that the exchange and interchange of services is likely to be long term (Melis et al. 2008; Gomes & Boesch 2009; Gomes et al. 2009; Gilby et al. 2010).
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These results suggest that ravens do not reciprocate on a calculated tit-for-tat basis, but aid individuals from whom reciprocated support would be most useful and those with whom they share a good relationship.
In a letter to the Observer, 25 of the country's most eminent playwrights, lawyers, politicians and artists say that more than two decades after the British people spoke out against apartheid in South Africa, it was their turn to reciprocate with support for a country that is in danger of betraying that honourable history.
This article aims to further the understanding of the twenty-first century Chinese family contract by studying not only what family members do to reciprocate intergenerational support but also how they perceive their (expected) filial behaviour.
Ravens were found to reciprocate agonistic support for group members with whom they shared a valuable relationship in the long term but most likely did not reciprocate individual acts of support in the short term.
Part of fostering meaningful relationships is that you reciprocate the support and love you receive.
Once you feel stronger, be sure to reciprocate their support and recognize all that they have meant to you.
They may have believed their Conservative partners would reciprocate by supporting their priority issue: reform of the House of Lords.
While established religions receive symbolic endorsement or financial aid from government, they may not reciprocate by supporting state institutions or citizens' duties.
Beijing can reciprocate by supporting U.S. efforts to tighten sanctions against Iran if Tehran continues to refuse compromise on its nuclear program.
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