The spring's deformation was measured by laser transformation to determine the atomic force between the tip and the surface, and reciprocal scans were performed by a piezoelectric element actuator [24].
Ripple patterns can exist over a range of length scales including macroscopic linear ripples on sea and desert sands created by wind [7], microsized ripples on surfaces of metal substrates produced by ion sputtering [8], and nanoscale ripples on the surfaces of thermoplastic polymers obtained by an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip's reciprocal scanning [9].
To attain QTL mapping at single-gene resolution, we developed and applied a third method termed "reciprocal hemizygosity scanning" (RHS).
We address these challenges by applying three independent high-throughput approaches for QTL mapping to map the genetic variants underlying 11 phenotypes in two genetically distant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, namely (1) individual analysis of >700 meiotic segregants, (2) bulk segregant analysis, and (3) reciprocal hemizygosity scanning, a new genome-wide method that we developed.
X-Ray diffraction curves of ZnO layers on various reciprocal spots with different scans, are discussed in terms of strain and threading dislocation in the layers.
Insets are the H = K = 1 (radius = √2 reciprocal lattice units) circle scans for L = 3 showing that Pt in-plane ordering is equivalent to STO as all peaks are separated by 90°.
X-ray diffraction 2θ ω scans and reciprocal space mapping were performed to characterize the crystal structure and strain states of the LSC films, respectively.
To confirm the phase purity, crystalline quality, and 3D strain state of the films at roon temperature, θ 2θ scans and reciprocal space maps (RSMs) were carried out using a Panalytical Empyrean high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) system.
In this study, a QTL on chromosome X, which explained 0.5% of variation to this trait,was identified by whole genome scanning in two reciprocal pedigrees and was further confirmed and refined in mCSS and mISCS populations.
Angular scans are represented in reciprocal space as I(q z ), where q z is the out-of-plane component of the scattering vector.
Where possible, each taxon was assigned, by hand, to a subfamily on the basis of subfamily membership of the BLAST query which first detected the sequence during the initial BLAST scan and three rounds of reciprocal BLAST.
