The sam1-ΔBgl II-HOcs and sam1-ΔSal I substrates have opposite orientations relative to their centromeres, preventing the isolation of reciprocal recombinants.
The sam1-ΔBgl II-HOcs and sam1-ΔSal I substrates were inserted in opposite orientations with respect to their centromeres to prevent the isolation of reciprocal recombinants.
In some cases, samples from Antarctica and South America are highly diverged showing reciprocal monophyly, which suggests isolation, lack of gene flow between northern and southern populations as well as potentially cryptic speciation [ 10], as found here for brooder bottlebrush octocorals.
However, asymmetric postmating isolation in reciprocal crosses may also be attributable to other factors, such as genetic maternal effects, and in flowering plants it may be attributable to gametophytic sporophytic or triploid endosperm interactions, where haploid paternal and diploid maternal genomes interact (Turelli and Moyle 2007).
Isolation rates were computed as the reciprocal of the mean time to isolation.
Models were developed using the following five factors: reciprocal of fractal dimension (FD), isolation (FI), fragmentation (FN), sensitivity of land desertification (SD), and sensitivity of soil erosion (SW).
Just as many sports and other activities involve the "buddy system," where people work in pairs with the understanding that each has a responsibility to the other, so too countering isolation is a reciprocal team sport.
While these experiments identified no obvious post-mating isolation effects in terms of offspring production, reciprocal inter-population mating either took substantially longer than intra-population crosses or were avoided entirely, suggesting that pre-zygotic isolation barriers, perhaps involving mate-recognition or courtship behavior [e.g. 22], have begun to evolve.
The number of high reciprocal titers against LBV and the history of LBV isolation in E. helvum suggest that LBV circulates in megachiroptera in Ghana.
