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This raised the question whether the reciprocal fusion protein might hinder MALT lymphomagenesis and induce its own transcriptional silencing.
We also observed reciprocal fusion of the latter to form larger VacA-storing vacuoles, still showing remnants of the original endosome membrane inside, especially in endoluminally bulging cells bordered by intercellular luminal clefts (Figure 4B).
In contrast to API2-MALT1, the reciprocal fusion MALT1-API2 pronuced on the der(18) of the t(11 18)(q21;q21) escaped attention as initial reports found MALT1-API2 Rnotnototo be consistently expressed [32] [34].
Attempts to amplify the reciprocal fusion genes were unsuccessful (data not shown), indicating that all fusions were the result of a deletion on 6q21 and not of t(6 6).
The fact that all m-BCR-positive Ph+ ALL and about two-thirds of M-BCR-positive CML patients express the reciprocal fusion transcript strongly suggests a fundamental role of the reciprocal ABL/BCR fusion gene in induction of the leukemogenic phenotype.
We identified pairs of reciprocal fusion sequences that might represent interchromosomal TSIs by applying the following criteria.
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We demonstrate applications in large-scale disease studies, by identifying PTDs in MLL, ITDs in FLT3, and reciprocal fusions between PML and RARA, in two deeply sequenced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) RNA-seq datasets.
In cases where the breakpoint of an unequal cross-over occurs at homologous sites in a misaligned pair of tandem gene duplicates, both recombinant chromosomes will contain chimeric genes with reciprocal fusions of paralogous sequence.
Among the events that we predicted are several known to be important in AML: a PTD in the myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene [ 3]; two distinct ITDs in the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene [ 4]; and a pair of reciprocal fusions between the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and alpha retinoic acid receptor (RARA) genes [ 2].
Zheng et al. spotlighted the role of the reciprocal ABL BCR fusion proteins, derivative chromosome 9 (der 9) -associated p96 ABL BCR and p40 ABL BCR fusion proteins.
In contrast, not much is known about the reciprocal MALT1-API2 fusion generated on the der(18) chromosome.
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